Profil Demografis, Gizi, dan Biokimia pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Rutin

Abstract

Protein-energy malnutrition and cardiovascular complications are major clinical problems in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aims to comprehensively describe the demographic, clinical, nutritional, and biochemical characteristics of patients undergoing routine hemodialysis. Using a cross-sectional descriptive study design, this study analyzed data from 192 patients through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and medical records. The main results showed that the majority of patients were female (55.2%), with a mean age of 51.25 years, elementary education (50%), and unemployed (62%). Hypertension was the most dominant comorbidity (70.8%). In terms of nutritional status, a double burden was found: 78.7% of patients experienced mild to severe malnutrition based on the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score, while based on the Body Mass Index (BMI), 19.3% were underweight and 22.3% were obese. The biochemical profile showed persistent renal anemia (mean hemoglobin 9.47 g/dL) even though the mean Kt/V value (1.47) indicated adequate dialysis. In conclusion, this cohort of hemodialysis patients has a complex profile characterized by socioeconomic burden, high prevalence of hypertension, and a disconnect between dialysis adequacy and poor nutritional status and anemia, highlighting the need for a more holistic approach to patient management.